Background: INFLAMMATORY pseudotumor (IPT) is a benign lesion with potential of recurrence and continuous growth. Its clinical and pathologic features resemble malignancies. The present study was conducted in Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences to determine the status of IPT. Materials and methods: During this descriptive study, the pathology reports of Shaheed Beheshti university teaching hospitals were reviewed from early 1993 to the end of 1998 and 20 cases of INFLAMMATORY pseudotumor were found. Results: The study population included 12 females and 8 males with the mean age of 20 years. 8 cases (40%) were occurred in lung, whereas 12 (60%) were in extra pulmonary regions. 16 had anemia, whereas weight loss and anorexia were reported in 7 cases (35%). Most of the adults had undergone operation with preoperative diagnosis of malignant tumor, however, most of the children received treatment with the probable diagnosis of recurrent pneumonia. Conclusion: Since wide spectrums of benign and malignant tumors are considered as IPT differential diagnosis, suitable preoperative studies such as immunohistochemistry and flowcytometery are highly recommended.

Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) Method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the FACTORS of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social FACTORS, 2. Psychological FACTORS, 3. Cultural FACTORS, 4. Family FACTORS, 5. Personal FACTORS, 6. Relational FACTORS, 7. Economic FACTORS, 8. Media FACTORS, 9. Contextual FACTORS. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social FACTORS of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological FACTORS of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural FACTORS have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family FACTORS were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal FACTORS are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic FACTORS are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media FACTORS Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual FACTORS were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

Identifying the constraining FACTORS of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining FACTORS of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the FACTORS affecting the formation of leading schools, so that it can be used in Iran's education. For this purpose, first, according to the research background and theoretical foundations, a conceptual framework was presented in the field of the components of an efficient and progressive school. Due to the nature of the subject, this research is an applied and developmental research and its method is of a mixed type, and includes quantitative and qualitative methods. According to the obtained information, the statistical population is about 3000 people. The sample size is estimated to be 344 people using Morgan's table. Stratified sampling method was used for sampling in this research, and 84 managers and 260 teachers participated in this study. The tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the data and answer the research questions, the correlation coefficient test and factor analysis were used. The results of the research showed that the components of management and leadership, research FACTORS, educational FACTORS, human resources, budget and infrastructure, technology and equipment are the main components of the formation of leading schools, and the component of educational FACTORS has the largest contribution.

INFLAMMATORY bowel disease (IBD) is an irregular response of immune system accompanied with different INFLAMMATORY manifestations including alterations in cytokines. Probiotics are non-pathogenic organisms with probable effects in various conditions such as inflammation. The present study hypothesized whether oral intake of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in form of probiotic yogurt may represent an immunomodulatory effect in IBD patients.Overally, 210 patients in remission phase and 95 healthy people were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of either 250 grams of probiotic yogurt (PI) or 250 grams of plain yogurt (PC) daily for 8 weeks. The healthy control group (HG) also received probiotic yogurt as noted. The serum levels of cytokines TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1b, IL-10 and CRP levels were measured at baseline and at termination time.A significant difference was observed between intervention groups of PI and PC with HG group (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum levels of IL-1b, TNF-a and CRP were significantly decreased in PI group compared to their baseline values and intervention groups. The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly after the intervention compared to baseline values and PC levels (all p-values<0.05).Intestinal homeostasis is a balance between pro and anti-INFLAMMATORY responses of intestinal immunocytes and could be maintained by probiotics.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which FACTORS in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the FACTORS affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that FACTORS such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the FACTORS affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding FACTORS affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find FACTORS affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which FACTORS in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the FACTORS affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which FACTORS affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which FACTORS affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the FACTORS affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of FACTORS affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical FACTORS (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the FACTORS affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. FACTORS such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the FACTORS affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the FACTORS affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the FACTORS affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease that may be triggered by environmental disorders, mental stress, or physical illness in a person who is genetically predisposed to it. Recent research has extremely evaluated the role of INFLAMMATORY cytokines in schizophrenia. The current study attempted to find any association between cytokines and schizophrenia. This narrative study was conducted through a literature review in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to schizophrenia and cytokines without any time limitation. This review focused on discussing the relationship between various symptoms of disease and cytokine levels. Environmental FACTORS such as embryonical infections were found to be associated with alternations in mothers’,blood cytokines and further effects on schizophrenia probability in children. Heritable FACTORS including disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) genes were shown to be linked with immunological responses, as well as Toll-like receptors or AKT1/p13k activation and following alternations in the cytokine profile. Based on the findings, the cytokines and INFLAMMATORY responses of the body were reported to be involved in many psychological disorders and schizophrenia. Various interleukins (ILs), as well as IL-6, IL-8, and IL-2R are known to be associated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. Although various data exist regarding different cytokines and their association with schizophrenia, no study has so far formulated research fields on specific types of cytokines that have the potential to be further studied for therapeutic hope.

Background: We aimed to investigate the correlations of the INFLAMMATORY response FACTORS, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), with patients with post-stroke depression (PSD), so as to provide a basis for the treatment and prevention of PSD for patients. Methods: The clinical laboratory data of 60 patients with PSD in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China from July 2016 to July 2017 and those of another 60 stroke patients with-out PSD admitted in the same period were analyzed retrospectively. The expression levels of INFLAMMATORY response FACTORS in the two groups of patients and in PSD patients with different levels of depression were compared and analyzed via statistical methods. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether INFLAMMATORY response FACTORS were independent risk FACTORS for PSD patients. Results: The expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP in patients with PSD were significantly increased compared with those in patients without PSD, and the differences were statistically significant (t=6. 429, t=6. 355, t=5. 792, P<0. 001). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and CRP had statistically significant differences be-tween any two groups of mild, moderate and severe PSD patients (P<0. 05). Results of multiple Logistic re-gression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) values of INFLAMMATORY FACTORS (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP) were 1. 160, 1. 099 and 1. 248, respectively, and the corresponding p values were 0. 020, 0. 039 and 0. 007 in pa-tients of observation group, indicating the above three INFLAMMATORY response FACTORS were independent risk FACTORS for PSD. Conclusion: The clinic control on the expression levels of INFLAMMATORY response FACTORS (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP) are extremely important for the treatment and prevention of PSD.

Complications, specially infection after orthopedic surgery, can result in severe disability in patients. Efforts have been done to use INFLAMMATORY FACTORS such as Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C - reactive protein (CRP) and White Blood Cell Count (CBC) to predict infection after surgery and to indicate that the courses of these FACTORS are predictable. The aim of the present study was to characterize the changes of CRP, ESR and WBC after elective orthopedic surgery. In 94 patients who underwent elective orthopedic surgery and had normal values of INFLAMMATORY FACTORS such as ESR, WBC and CRP serial measurements of CRP, ESR and WBC were done before and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 and 59 days after surgery from December 2002 to February 2003. The results indicated a maximal count of WBC on the first day after surgery, maximal CRP values on the third day and maximal ESR rates on the fifth day after surgery. Changes of WBC were irregular, but ESR and CRP, after achieving maximal values on mentioned days, became respectively normal after 28 and 14 days following post-operation. Age and sex did not influence the pattern of changes but extensive surgeries were accompanied with higher values of ESR and CRP. Pattern of changes in CRP and ESR values are so typical that any deviation from this pattern can indicate occurance of complications such as infection. CRP was sensitive than ESR in this regard.